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This bill, the Medicare Secondary Payer and Workers' Compensation Settlement Agreements Act of 2013, aims to modify how Medicare's ability to recover payments interacts with workers' compensation settlements. It introduces exceptions to Medicare's right to be reimbursed (known as Medicare Secondary Payer rules) for certain workers' compensation settlement agreements. Specifically, if a settlement is for $25,000 or less, or if the injured worker is unlikely to be eligible for Medicare benefits within 30 months, or if there are no future medical expenses covered by workers' compensation, Medicare's secondary payer rules may not apply. The bill also allows for these Medicare secondary payer requirements to be satisfied through the use of "qualified Medicare set-asides" (QMSAs) within workers' compensation settlements. A QMSA is a portion of the settlement set aside to cover future medical expenses that Medicare would otherwise pay for, and the bill outlines specific criteria for what constitutes a qualified set-aside, including considerations for the injury, claimant's age, and the workers' compensation fee schedule. This aims to provide clarity and potentially reduce the burden on claimants and payers when resolving workers' compensation claims that involve potential Medicare beneficiaries.