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AI Summary: This regulation is an Executive Order addressing dangerous gain-of-function research in biological sciences. It aims to improve safety and security by establishing new guidelines for federally funded life science research, both domestically and internationally. The order requires immediate suspension of federal funding for gain-of-function research in countries with inadequate oversight, particularly in "countries of concern" like China. It mandates the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to develop new oversight frameworks, including strengthening independent review, increasing accountability, and defining clear research boundaries. The regulation requires research institutions to report gain-of-function research activities, with provisions for potential funding revocation and research suspension if institutions do not comply. It comprehensively defines "dangerous gain-of-function research" as scientific work that could enhance an infectious agent's pathogenicity, transmissibility, or potential to cause disease, and establishes specific criteria for identifying such research. The order also requires development of strategies to track and limit non-federally funded dangerous research, with potential legislative proposals to address any regulatory gaps.