Committee

Minnesota House State Government Finance and Policy Committee

Bill Bill Name Progress Referral Date
HF1 Office of Inspector General established, powers and duties provided, enhanced grant oversight provided, retaliation prohibited, existing executive Offices of Inspector General transferred or repealed, fraud detection and prevention provided, conforming changes made, reports required, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/06/2025
HF2 Fraud reporting required when a state employee has reason to suspect fraud, and grants management requirements strengthened. In Committee 02/06/2025
HF3 Legislative auditor required to submit a report to the legislature related to an agency's implementation of legislative auditor recommendations, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/06/2025
HF10 State-funded payments to undocumented noncitizens prohibited, and undocumented noncitizens provided to be ineligible for MinnesotaCare and North Star Promise scholarship program. In Committee 02/19/2025
HF13 Commissioner of management and budget required to study the economic impact of tariffs on Minnesota households and businesses. Dead 06/09/2025
HF21 Supermajority approval by each house of the legislature required to extend a peacetime emergency beyond 14 days. In Committee 02/06/2025
HF22 Parent's bill of rights created. In Committee 03/06/2025
HF23 Whistleblower definitions provided, and whistleblower protections for public employees modified. Crossed Over 02/06/2025
HF26 Governor's power to declare emergency repealed, legislative emergency declaration and extension process established, governor's authority to adopt orders and expedited rules during an emergency repealed, citizen rights protected, and technical corrections made. In Committee 02/10/2025
HF139 Public employees police and fire retirement plan; state patrol retirement plan; postretirement adjustments increased, and waiting period for a postretirement adjustment decreased for the public employees police and fire retirement plan. In Committee 02/10/2025
HF140 State-funded county and city cybersecurity grant program established, report required, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/10/2025
HF141 Purposes, processes, and related agency responsibilities modified for the sustainable building guidelines; sustainable building guideline compliance added to predesign requirements; report required; and money appropriated. In Committee 02/10/2025
HF142 A resolution urging Congress to pass federal legislation granting statehood to the people of Washington, D.C. In Committee 02/10/2025
HF143 Religious belief exemption provided for entities providing certain services. In Committee 02/10/2025
HF144 Immigrant worker enterprise zones authorized, law enforcement required to comply with federal detainers, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/10/2025
HF266 Requirements related to complaints initiated or submitted to the Board of Architecture, Engineering, Land Surveying, Landscape Architecture, Geoscience, and Interior Design by the executive director of the board amended. In Committee 02/10/2025
HF288 Legislative approval required to extend a declared emergency beyond five days, citizen rights protected, legislative enactment required before certain executive orders and rules may have the force and effect of law, terms defined, and criminal penalties repealed. In Committee 02/10/2025
HF289 SAVI program established for state agencies to encourage innovation and cost savings. Crossed Over 02/10/2025
HF324 State financial assistance prohibited to noncitizens. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF358 Term limits established for the office of governor. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF361 Capitol Mall Design Framework availability of an appropriation for implementation extended. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF389 Minnesota Historical Society meetings required to be open to the public and the Minnesota Historical Society's data required to be public data as to state-owned properties. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF395 Procedures and requirements for orders and rules promulgated during a peacetime emergency modified. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF412 Members of the legislative committees on education policy and education finance required to observe a teacher or administrator each year, house and senate required to adopt rules, and report required. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF476 Mille Lacs County; attorney general required to reimburse legal costs, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF478 Composition of apportionment of legislative districts changed, conforming statutory changes made, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF501 Equal rights under the law provided and discrimination based on the listed characteristics prohibited, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF540 Report on vacant state office space required. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF550 Bipartisan Redistricting Commission established, principles to be used in adopting legislative and congressional districts established, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 02/26/2025
HF593 Constitutional convention process established to select delegates. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF597 State spending in excess of inflation and population growth prohibited, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF627 Ranking minority members of standing legislative committees allowed to request fiscal notes. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF675 A joint resolution relating to Religious Freedom Day. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF708 Public employee retirement association board of trustees member addition provided. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF732 Legislative approval for peacetime emergency extension required, and duration limited. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF754 Department of Administration director of grants management and oversight position established, standards related to grantmaking and grants management practices required, and reports required. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF769 A resolution memorializing Congress to call a convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution to impose fiscal constraints on the federal government, limit the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and limit the terms of office for its officials and for members of Congress. In Committee 02/13/2025
HF791 State fossil designated. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF796 Members of public safety policy and finance committees required to participate in ride alongs with law enforcement or fire departments, reports required, and adoption of legislative rules required. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF808 Legislative auditor allowed to bring a civil or criminal complaint, and authority for attorneys to prosecute certain claims established. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF816 Phoenix Correspondence Commission funding provided, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF843 Members of children and family policy and finance committees required to observe child care facilities, and adoption of legislative rules required. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF927 Legislative Commission on Housing Affordability eliminated. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF936 Cost-benefit analysis required for proposed administrative rules, adoption of certain rules prohibited, and notice to legislature upon adoption of exempt rules required. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF937 Certain commissions established by law made purely advisory. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF1025 Historic state flag recognized, right of all persons to display the historic state flag recognized, standards provided for its display on state property, and standards provided for its display on other public property. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF1026 Legislator compensation prohibited. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF1031 Minnesota Amateur Sports Commission sales and use tax collections dedicated, amateur sports account created, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF1059 Legislative COVID-19 Response Commission eliminated. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF1060 Legislative Commission on Minnesota Sports Facilities eliminated. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF1061 MNsure Legislative Oversight Commission eliminated. In Committee 02/19/2025
HF1062 Driver and Vehicle Systems Oversight Committee repealed. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF1074 Board member qualifications and licensing requirements for architects, engineers, surveyors, landscape architects, geoscientists, and interior designers modified. In Committee 02/17/2025
HF1133 Certain housing proposals exempted from related interim ordinances. In Committee 02/19/2025
HF1134 Metropolitan Land Planning Act requirements and authority amended. In Committee 02/19/2025
HF1135 Municipal land dedication requirements and authority amended. In Committee 02/19/2025
HF1136 Review procedures of building applications by government entities established. In Committee 02/19/2025
HF1145 Legislators prohibited from lobbying for two years after leaving office, and civil penalty authorized. In Committee 02/19/2025
HF1151 Compensation council provisions changed. In Committee 02/19/2025
HF1172 Ursa Minor designated as official state constellation. In Committee 02/19/2025
HF1198 Number of leadership positions increased in each body. In Committee 02/19/2025
HF1234 Payment transparency required in public contracts. In Committee 02/20/2025
HF1239 Violations of law related to misuse of public funds required to be reported to law enforcement. In Committee 02/20/2025
HF1240 Policy related to the legislative auditor modified. In Committee 02/20/2025
HF1296 Classification of commercial dog and cat breeder data collected and maintained by the Board of Animal Health modified; kennel and dealer advertising requirements modified; and Board of Animal Health required to post certain kennel, dealer, and commercial breeder information. In Committee 02/20/2025
HF1305 Permit applications for large events on public property required to include a written sensory-friendly accommodations plan. In Committee 02/20/2025
HF1310 Office of Cannabis Management included as an agency for the purpose of having a government-to-government relationship with Tribal governments. In Committee 02/20/2025
HF1338 Office of the Inspector General created, reports required, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/24/2025
HF1339 Public employees police and fire retirement plan; payment of a normal retirement annuity without reduction or suspension upon employment or reemployment on or after 55 years of age permitted. In Committee 02/24/2025
HF1377 Public television grants provided, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/24/2025
HF1389 State-owned land in the Cloquet Forestry Center transferred to the University of Minnesota, defeasance of outstanding debt on certain state bond financed property funding provided, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/24/2025
HF1421 Closure of shooting ranges during a state of emergency prohibited. In Committee 02/24/2025
HF1432 Training requirements for state managerial employees developed, funding provided for the procurement and authorization of procurement of business consulting services for pilot projects, report required, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/24/2025
HF1458 Standards for required education and experience modified for certified public accountants, and mobility for licensed public accountants established. In Committee 02/24/2025
HF1470 Members added to opioids, substance use, and addiction subcabinet. In Committee 02/24/2025
HF1478 Priority criteria for public land survey system monument grant program amended, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/26/2025
HF1532 Eminent domain; certain reimbursement amounts increased. In Committee 02/26/2025
HF1565 Annual observance for Philando Castile Restoration and Unity Days established. In Committee 02/26/2025
HF1582 Teachers Retirement Association; unreduced retirement annuity upon reaching age 60 with 30 years of service provided, early retirement reduction factors for annuity commencement before normal retirement age modified, postretirement adjustments increased, other various retirement provisions modified, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/26/2025
HF1685 Commissioner of Minnesota IT Services directed to integrate the transit assistance program into the Minnesota benefits web portal, and money appropriated. In Committee 02/27/2025
HF1754 Reduction in appropriations for positions that have been unfilled for at least 12 months required. In Committee 03/03/2025
HF1772 Process established to compensate businesses for loss of business opportunity resulting from sale and closure of a biomass energy plant. In Committee 03/03/2025
HF1779 Unreduced early retirement annuity authorized for probation agency employees, and employee contributions increased for probation agency employees increased beginning January 1, 2026. In Committee 03/03/2025
HF1809 Date changed for debt report. In Committee 03/03/2025
HF1828 State auditor's fire relief association working group recommendations implemented. In Committee 03/03/2025
HF1836 State government; changes made to data practices. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF1837 State government policy bill. Crossed Over 03/03/2025
HF1849 Term limits provided for governor and lieutenant governor, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 03/03/2025
HF1853 Civil Commitment Coordinating Division established in the office of the attorney general, grants provided, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/03/2025
HF1867 State lottery; retailer contract provisions modified. In Committee 03/05/2025
HF1889 Minnesota State Retirement System; administrative changes made to statutes governing retirement plans, changes conformed to vesting requirements for deferred retirement annuities, annual reporting requirements modified for plan operational and other errors, and reports required. In Committee 03/05/2025
HF1910 Vice-chair of Legislative Coordinating Commission required to alternate between the senate and house of representatives every two years. In Committee 03/05/2025
HF1944 Recognition of federal standard time year-round beginning in 2025 and expiring upon enactment of a federal law authorizing states to recognize advanced standard time year-round provided. In Committee 03/05/2025
HF1949 Campaign Finance and Public Disclosure Board required to publish a handbook for lobbying. In Committee 03/06/2025
HF1956 Threshold for the required submission of audited municipal liquor store financial statements to the state auditor amended. In Committee 03/06/2025
HF1990 Minnesota Volunteerism Innovation Board established, grants required, report required, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/06/2025
HF2015 State employment growth limited. In Committee 03/06/2025
HF2020 Group insurance program eligibility for spouses of retired state employees added. In Committee 03/10/2025
HF2022 Higher education supplemental retirement plan; maximum employer contribution increased. In Committee 03/10/2025
HF2063 Annual observance for 1st Minnesota Day established. In Committee 03/10/2025
HF2094 Minnesota Migration Act established, account established, funding provided to study and provide reparation grants, report required, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/10/2025
HF2105 Definitions related to lobbying amended, and certain lobbyist communications made exempt from disclosure requirements. In Committee 03/10/2025
HF2112 Composition apportionment of legislative districts changed, conforming statutory changes made, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 03/10/2025
HF2117 Minnesota State Colleges and Universities required to locate a specific eligible person's missing IRAP account or pay the eligible person $25000. In Committee 03/10/2025
HF2126 Barber examiners board provisions modified. In Committee 03/10/2025
HF2164 St. Peter designated as the honorary capital of Minnesota. In Committee 03/12/2025
HF2174 State government unfilled positions appropriation reduction required, and law enforcement exception provided. In Committee 03/12/2025
HF2195 Equal rights under the law provided and discrimination based on the listed characteristics prohibited, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 03/12/2025
HF2220 Assessment of fees or other charges when state employees park at facilities owned or operated by the state prohibited. In Committee 03/12/2025
HF2225 A resolution memorializing Congress to propose the For Our Freedom Amendment. In Committee 03/12/2025
HF2232 State contracts provisions changed. In Committee 03/12/2025
HF2237 Minnesota State Retirement System; multiplier used to calculate the annuity amount for general state employees retirement plan increased; and postretirement adjustment increased for general state employees retirement plan, legislators retirement plan, and unclassified state employees retirement program. In Committee 03/12/2025
HF2255 Vikings stadium secured perimeter funding provided, appropriation bonds issued, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/12/2025
HF2292 Practice of chiropractic clarified to include providing telemedicine services, State Board of Chiropractic Examiners clarified to have the disciplinary authority, and animal chiropractic sections reorganized. In Committee 03/13/2025
HF2318 Teachers Retirement Association; pension adjustment revenue increased for school districts, employer contributions increased, unreduced retirement annuity provided upon reaching age 62 with 30 years of service, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/13/2025
HF2329 Teachers Retirement Association; age lowered from 62 to 60 for the enhanced early retirement reduction, and postretirement adjustment delay clarified. In Committee 03/13/2025
HF2341 Teachers Retirement Association; unreduced retirement annuity upon reaching age 60 with 30 years of service provided, various other retirement provisions modified, employer contributions increased, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/13/2025
HF2354 Medicaid fraud provisions added and modified, attorney general provided subpoena and enforcement authority, criminal penalties provided, conforming changes made, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2370 Payments to program participants under certain circumstances withheld. In Committee 03/17/2025
HF2386 Administrative changes made to statutes governing the retirement plans administered by the Public Employees Retirement Association, monthly salary threshold requirements clarified, 60-day requirement for filing an election with the association added, and other retirement provisions modified. In Committee 03/17/2025
HF2395 Firefighters relief associations; maximum lump-sum service pension amount increased for each year of service credited. In Committee 03/17/2025
HF2396 Statute governing the payment of certain claims against the state modified. In Committee 03/17/2025
HF2397 Commissioner of administration required to provide a central point of contact for comments about the misuse of other unlawful uses of funds in state grant programs. In Committee 03/17/2025
HF2420 Commission on Governmental Efficiency and Ethics established to investigate allegations of fraud in state programs and undisclosed legislative conflicts of interest, report required, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/17/2025
HF2451 Office of Administrative Hearings renamed Court of Administrative Hearings, and opportunity for remand provided. In Committee 03/17/2025
HF2490 Companion Animal Board established, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/17/2025
HF2509 Youth Civic Engagement Act created, youth civic engagement grant program established, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/17/2025
HF2513 Process to select delegates to attend an amendment convention held under Article V of the United States Constitution established. In Committee 03/20/2025
HF2514 Joint legislative studies governing provision modified. In Committee 03/20/2025
HF2515 Legislature; definition of joint offices modified. In Committee 03/20/2025
HF2537 Fiscal safeguards for state grants to nonprofit organizations increased, and report required. In Committee 03/20/2025
HF2538 Prohibition on certain legislator lobbying activities modified. In Committee 03/20/2025
HF2555 State employee group insurance program utilization review pilot program established, and reports required. In Committee 03/20/2025
HF2566 Process for removing fraudulent business filings established, rulemaking authorized, and money appropriated. In Committee 04/02/2025
HF2568 Tax increment financing required to be included for the purposes of meeting the threshold for the responsible contractor law. In Committee 03/20/2025
HF2589 Minnesota Volunteerism Innovation Board established, rulemaking required, grants required, report required, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/20/2025
HF2603 Provisions in state agencies made to address financial crimes and fraud. In Committee 03/20/2025
HF2609 One-half of an agency's advertising expenses required to be paid to local news organizations. In Committee 03/20/2025
HF2636 Attorney general annual report on activities of the office required. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2640 Commissioner of administration required to develop and provide grants management training. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2692 Board of cosmetology requirements modified for cosmetologists and hair technicians relating to textured hair training. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2694 Constitution of the state; technical changes made to certain terms in Article I to be consistent with language in Minnesota Statutes, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2713 State personnel management provisions updated. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2714 Pharmacy benefit manager, technology platform, and data protection provisions modified relating to vendor contracts. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2720 Budget reserve percentage reporting date modified. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2725 Healthy Aging subcabinet and citizens' engagement council established, plan required, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2744 St. Anthony Falls study due date extended. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2766 Minimum wage for certain state interns mandated. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2780 Cap on certain lawful expenditures for charitable gambling increased. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2783 State government finance bill. In Committee 03/24/2025
HF2790 Requirement for state forecast to account for rate of inflation eliminated. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2792 Certain legal fees and expenses relating to Minnesota Chamber of Commerce v. Choi funding provided, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2806 State Board of Investment prohibited from investing in companies that boycott mining, energy production, production agriculture, or commercial lumber production; State Board of Investment required to divest from companies boycotting said industries; state agency contracts prohibited; and certain financial institution discrimination prohibited. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2813 Penalties for employees and officials for failure to stop fraudulent payments increased, and responsibilities for employees and officials to stop fraudulent payments enhanced. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2814 Requirements for state employees to report fraud strengthened. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2821 Public Employees Retirement Association and general employees retirement plan; circumstances under which the additional employer contribution is repealed modified, and postretirement adjustments increased. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2830 Bills prohibited from being amended in a way that changes the original purpose of the bill, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2833 John Francis Wheaton commemoration required on the Capitol complex, community and educational initiatives and annual reports required, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2842 Administration building parking ramp improvements funding provided, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2846 Attorney general duties and activities funding provided, consumer protection restitution account and related requirements established, consumer litigation account modified, proceeds of litigation or settlement account established, report required, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2856 State government comprehensive substance use and addiction plan required. In Committee 03/26/2025
HF2890 Gambling; fund loss requests by organizations provided. In Committee 03/27/2025
HF2891 Certain state employees required to receive training and certification in grants management, and granting agencies required to take certain actions following failures by grantees. In Committee 03/27/2025
HF2900 Local government grant account created, grant programs for local governments to pay for certain costs of federal action established, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/27/2025
HF2904 Public employees insurance program regulated, participation by certain school employers required, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/27/2025
HF2919 Grants management provisions changed. In Committee 03/27/2025
HF2922 Public educational radio stations funding provided, and money appropriated. In Committee 03/27/2025
HF2942 Commissioner of employment and economic development required to disclose information, and administrative and technical changes made to the Minnesota Secure Choice Retirement Program Act. In Committee 04/01/2025
HF2943 Minnesota Secure Choice Retirement Program; penalties for noncompliance added, and criminal penalties provided. In Committee 04/01/2025
HF2946 Minnesota Bitcoin Act proposed, payments to the state by cryptocurrency allowed, State Board of Investment authorized to invest in cryptocurrency, and various tax provisions modified. In Committee 04/01/2025
HF2949 Legislators and executive branch appointees prohibited from receiving compensation from any nonprofit organization that receives state grant funding. In Committee 04/01/2025
HF2954 August 19 designated as Minnesota Aviation Day. In Committee 04/01/2025
HF3014 Global Synergy Group grant funding provided for the YouLead2025 program, and money appropriated. In Committee 04/01/2025
HF3037 Vote threshold established for certain bills heard in a standing committee of the legislature. In Committee 04/02/2025
HF3038 Minnesota Agricultural Interpretive Center - Farmamerica funding provided, and money appropriated. In Committee 04/02/2025
HF3041 Business impact analysis of proposed legislation provided, and money appropriated. In Committee 04/02/2025
HF3052 Teachers Retirement Association; unreduced retirement annuity provided upon reaching age 60 with 30 years of service, early retirement reduction factors modified for annuity commencement before normal retirement age, postretirement adjustments increased, other various retirement provision modified, and money appropriated. In Committee 04/02/2025
HF3093 Responsible contractor requirements to recipients of state loans and grants over $50,000 applied. In Committee 04/03/2025
HF3100 State employees required to report evidence of violations of laws governing grants and state contracts, and discipline for a failure to report authorized. In Committee 04/03/2025
HF3113 Administrative Procedure Act requirements added to emphasize statutory authorization for rules, governor's statutory authority to authorize rules in an emergency rescinded, and court deference to agency rule interpretation precluded. In Committee 04/03/2025
HF3158 Supermajority vote of the legislature required to authorize public funding for a professional sports facility, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 04/07/2025
HF3168 Pool of alternate members for ethnic councils established, and reports required. In Committee 04/10/2025
HF3171 Little Falls; Oakland Cemetery maintenance funding provided, and money appropriated. In Committee 04/10/2025
HF3208 Term limits placed on legislators and executive officers, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 04/21/2025
HF3227 Plain language written materials required for state-issued professional licensing, and report required. In Committee 04/23/2025
HF3249 Method for amortizing unfunded liabilities modified, definition for standards for actuarial work added, and conforming changes made. In Committee 04/25/2025
HF3256 Public employees police and fire retirement plan; reemployment earnings limit applicable to disability benefit payments increased. In Committee 04/28/2025
HF3258 Contracting restrictions on the legislature and executive branch based on vendor practices toward Israel eliminated. In Committee 04/28/2025
HF3269 Minnesota State Retirement System correctional state employees retirement plan; MSRS correctional plan eligibility work group recommendations implemented, eligible employment positions updated, definitions added, procedures for adding or removing plan coverage modified, right to appeal added, and conforming changes made. In Committee 04/29/2025
HF3270 Independent Redistricting Commission established, Redistricting Commission Applicant Review Panel established, principles to be used in adopting legislative and congressional districts established, former legislative members lobbying activity prohibited, legislative session conduct and convening requirements amended, and constitutional amendment proposed. In Committee 04/29/2025
HF3278 Firefighter relief association; investment business recipient disclosure annual reporting requirement repealed. In Committee 04/30/2025
HF3282 Naming of laws after people precluded. In Committee 05/01/2025
HF3292 Study of economic impact of tariffs on Minnesotans required, and money appropriated. In Committee 05/05/2025
HF3300 Public Employees Retirement Association; employer failure to record service corrected, payment of employee and employer contributions on omitted service required, and Rule of 90 eligibility for an eligible employee extended. In Committee 05/06/2025
HF3318 Commemoration of the first Italian immigrant to Minnesota on the Capitol complex required, and money appropriated. In Committee 05/12/2025
HF3340 Foreign nationals prohibited from contributing to or providing independent expenditures for ballot questions. In Committee 05/18/2025
SF856 Office of the Inspector General creation and appropriation Crossed Over 05/09/2025